What is the special handling code for lithium batteries?
Special handling codes for lithium batteries refer to regulated protocols for safe transport, storage, and disposal. These include UN numbers (e.g., UN3480 for lithium-ion batteries) and IATA/IMDG guidelines to prevent thermal runaway. Handling requires avoiding physical damage, state-of-charge (SOC) limitations (≤30% for air transport), and fire-resistant packaging. Non-compliance risks penalties or hazardous incidents.
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What defines lithium battery handling codes?
Handling codes like UN3480 classify lithium batteries for transport. They mandate leak-proof packaging, SOC restrictions, and hazard labels. For example, UN3481 covers batteries installed in equipment. Pro Tip: Always check IATA’s annual update—regulations shift yearly.
Lithium batteries require strict categorization under UN/DOT codes. For air transport, cells must be ≤20 Wh, and packs ≤100 Wh. Mislabeling risks fines up to $50k. Practically speaking, shipping a 72V LiFePO4 pack demands Class 9 labels, SOC documentation, and UN-certified containers. But what if the SOC exceeds 30%? Thermal runaway risks spike, triggering carrier rejections. A real-world example: EV manufacturers use UN38.3-certified crates with flame-retardant liners for bulk shipments.
How do SOC limits impact handling?
SOC restrictions (≤30% for air) minimize fire risks. Charged batteries store more reactive energy, escalating thermal hazards. Pro Tip: Use load testers pre-shipment to verify compliance.
Partial charging reduces lithium’s electrochemical volatility. IATA mandates 30% SOC caps for standalone batteries, while installed ones can reach 50%. Technically, a 72V 100Ah battery at 30% SOC holds 2.16kWh versus 7.2kWh fully charged. Why does this matter? Energy density directly correlates with combustion severity. For example, Tesla ships battery replacements at 25-30% SOC using UN3480-compliant packaging. Transitionally, ground transport allows higher SOCs but still prohibits 100% charges.
| Transport Mode | Max SOC | UN Code |
|---|---|---|
| Air (Standalone) | 30% | UN3480 |
| Air (Installed) | 50% | UN3481 |
| Ground | 100%* | N/A |
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FAQs
Can I ship swollen lithium batteries?
No—swelling indicates cell failure. Contact hazardous waste disposal services following EPA guidelines.
Do button cells require UN codes?
Yes—all lithium batteries, including coin cells (UN3090/3091), need proper labeling and SOC limits.